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dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-8-3-11

УДК 621.791

Ospennikova O.G., Naprienko S.A., Medvedev P.N., Zaysev D.V., Rogalev A.M.

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE STRUCTURAL-PHASE STATE OF THE EP648 ALLOY DURING SELECTIVE LASE MANUFACTURE

The paper shows the features of the formation of the structural-phase and textural state of the EP648 alloy obtained by the SLM method in the initial state, after hot isostatic pressing and heat treatment. It was found that in the process of synthesis, a limited crystallographic texture of the γ-phase is formed, which does not undergo significant changes in the process of subsequent treatments. The uniform distribution of fine particles of the hardening phases, apparently, leads to an increase in both the strength and plastic properties of the material obtained by the SLM method in comparison with the material obtained by the traditional technology.

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Reference list

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12. Lukina E.A., Filonova E.V., Treninkov I.A. The microstructure and preferential crystallographic orientation of nickel superalloy, synthesized by SLM method, depending of the energy impact and heat treatment. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. 1 (46), pp. 38–44. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-1-38-44.
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dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-8-12-20

УДК 669.018.95

Shestakov A.V., Karashaev M.M., Dmitriev N.S.

TECHNOLOGICAL WAYS TO CREATE COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON HEAT-RESISTANT REFRACTORY COMPOUNDS (review)

The article discusses the main technological approaches to obtain heat-resistant and heat-resistant materials based on compounds in the Ni–Al system in order to use them in promising products of aviation and rocket technology. It is shown that when receiving materials based on compounds in the Ni-Al system, a phase of eutectic origin is formed based on the Ni₃Al compound, which reduces the technological plasticity of the alloys of this system. The use of powder metallurgy methods eliminates such phases in the structure of alloys obtained using granule metallurgy technology, as well as with the use of special methods of powder metallurgy.

Technological approaches are presented to obtain similar materials using powder metallurgy methods combined with thermomechanical processing.

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Reference list

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21. Sevostyanov N.V., Efimochkin I.Yu., Basargin O.V., Burkovskaya N.P. Stages of the process of synthesis of titanium carbosilicide from simple elements by the method of spark plasma sintering (SPS). Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 2020, no. 3 (777), pp. 55–59.

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-8-21-33

УДК 678.84

Shestakov A.M.

CERAMICS BASED ON ORGANOSILICON POLYMERS-PRECURSORS: MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES (review). Part 1

The paper considers the process of pyrolysis of polymers-precursors, and also shows the influence of various parameters of technological processes for obtaining ceramics on its composition, structure, and properties. The main types of binary, ternary and multicomponent silicon-based ceramics, methods of its preparation, features of structure and properties are considered, and promising directions of application of ceramics are determined. The possibility of obtaining porous ceramic materials (ceramic foams) with controlled porosity and ceramic composite materials with a given composition is noted.

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Reference list

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dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-8-34-42

УДК 629.7.023.224

Aleksandrov D.A., Budinovskiy S.A., Gorlov D.S.

DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL ION-PLASMA COATINGS BASED ON MULTILAYER HETEROGENEOUS STRUCTURES OF METAL NITRIDES

The article deals with the development of ion-plasma coating systems based on multilayer heterogeneous structures of the type (Me₁)N/(Me₂)N, (Me₁–Me₂)N/(Me₃)N, (Me₁–Me₂–Me₃)N/(Me₄)N, where Me: Ti, Al, Cr, Mo. Tests for heat resistance and wear resistance, gas-abrasive resistance, metallographic and x-ray structural studies were carried out. It is shown that the ion-plasma coating (Ti–Al–Cr)N/CrN can be used to increase the heat resistance, wear resistance (including abrasive) of steel and titanium intermetallic parts of aircraft gas turbine engines operating in the temperature range up to 800 °C.

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5. Gorlov D.S., Zaklyakova O.V., Aleksan- drov D.A., Budinovskii S.A. Improving of fretting resistance intermetallic Ti2AlNb alloy. Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 2 (96), paper no. 07. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 10, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-2-62-70.
6. Zhang M., Cheng Y., Xin L. et al. Cyclic oxidation behaviour of Ti/TiAlN composite multilayer coatings deposited on titanium alloy. Corrosion Science, 2020, no. 166, pp. 108476–108486. Available at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/corsci (accessed: June 10, 2021). DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2020.108476.
7. Alexandrov D.A., Gorlov D.S., Budinovskii S.A. Application of a complex of ion-plasma technologies to protect the compressor blades of a helicopter gas-turbine engine from erosion wear and fretting. Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 2 (96), paper no. 08. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 10, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-2-71-80.
8. Grzesik W., Malecka J., Kwasny W. Identification of oxidation process of TiAlN coatings versus heat resistant aerospace alloys based on diffusion couples and tool wear tests. CIRP Annals – Manufacturing Technology, 2020, no. 69, pp. 41–44.
9. Gromov V.I., Yakusheva N.A., Vostrikov A.V., Cherkashneva N.N. High strength structural steels for gas-turbine engine shafts (review). Aviation materials and technology, 2021. no. 1 (62). paper no. 01 Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: March 29, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-1-3-12.
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12. Xu Y.X., Riedl H., Holec D. et al. Thermal stability and oxidation resistance of sputtered Ti–Al–Cr–N hard coatings. Surface & Coatings Technology. 2017, no. 324, pp. 48–56. Available at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/surfcoat (accessed: June 10, 2021). DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.05.053.
13. Asanuma H., Polcik P., Kolozsvari S. et al. Cerium doping of Ti–Al–N coatings for excellent thermal stability and oxidation resistance. Surface & Coatings Technology, 2017, no. 326, pp. 165–172. Available at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/surfcoat (accessed: June 10, 2021). DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.07.037.
14. Sui X., Li G., Zhou H. et al. Evolution behavior of oxide scales of TiAlCrN coatings at high temperature. Surface & Coatings Technology, 2019, no. 360, pp. 133–139. Available at: http://www.elsevier.com/ locate/surfcoat (accessed: June 10, 2021). DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.01.016.
15. Tillmann W., Grisales D., Stangier D. et al. Residual stresses and tribomechanical behaviour of TiAlN and TiAlCN monolayer and multilayer coatings by DCMS and HiPIMS. Surface & Coatings Technology, 2021, no. 406, pp. 126664–126675. Available at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/surfcoat (accessed: June 10, 2021). DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126664.
16. Pilemalm R., Sjögren A. High pressure and high temperature behaviour of TiAlN coatings deposited on c-BN based substrates. Processing and Application of Ceramics, 2020, vol. 3, no. 14, pp. 210–217. DOI: 10.2298/PAC2003210P.
17. Özkan D., Erarslan Y., Sulukan E. et al. Tribological behavior of TiAlN, AlTiN, and AlCrN coatings at boundary lubricating condition. Tribology Letters, 2018, no. 66, pp. 152–167. DOI: 10.1007/s11249-018-1111-1.
18. Lin J., Zhang X., Ge F. et al. Thick CrN/AlN superlattice coatings deposited by hot filament assisted HiPIMS for solid particle erosion and high temperature wear resistance. Surface & Coatings Technology, 2019, no. 377, pp. 124922–124933. Available at: http:// www.elsevier.com/locate/surfcoat (accessed: June 10, 2021). DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.124922.

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-8-43-49

УДК 629.7.023.224

Zakalashnyy A.V., Denisova V.S., Vlasova O.V., Solntsev St.S.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OBTAINING FRIT OF HEAT-RESISTANT ENAMEL FOR THE PROTECTION OF CORROSION-RESISTANT STEELS

The technological aspects of producing frit based are studied for heat-resistant enamel EV-300-60M in experimental industrial conditions. It was found that in the temperature range of 1200–1250 °C, intensive foaming of the charge occurs due to the active release of oxygen by manganese oxide. Due to the combination of technological operations, it is possible to ensure a sufficient reduction, but not complete exclusion of foaming when cooking frit. In this regard, the further direction of work on improving heat-resistant enamels for the protection of corrosion-resistant steels determines the need to develop a technological composition of frit.

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Reference list

1. Kablov E.N. New generation materials – the basis of innovation, technological leadership and national security of Russia. Intellekt i tekhnologii, 2016, no. 2 (14), pp. 16–21.
2. Kablov E.N., Bakradze M.M., Gromov V.I., Voznesenskaya N.M., Yakusheva N.A. New high strength structural and corrosion-resistant steels for aerospace equipment developed by FSUE «VIAM» (review). Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2020, no. 1 (58), pp. 3–11. DOI: 10.18577 / 2071-9140-2020-0-1-3-11.
3. Grashchenkov D.V. Strategy of development of non-metallic materials, metal composite materials and heat-shielding. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 264–271. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-264-271.
4. Solncev S.S., Denisova V.S., Rozenenkova V.A. Reaction cure – the new direction in technology ofhigh-temperature composite coatings and materials. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 329–343. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-329-343.
5. Kablov E.N. What to make the future of? New generation materials, technologies for their creation and processing - the basis of innovations. Wings of the Motherland, 2016, no. 5, pp. 8–18.
6. Denisova V.S., Soloveva G.A. Heat-resistant glass-ceramic coating for protection of gas turbines’ combustion chambers parts. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2016, no. 4 (45), pp. 18–22. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2016-0-4-18-22.
7. Vargin V.V. Enamel and metal enamel technology. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1965, 316 p.
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15. Chen M., Li W., Shen M. et al. Glass coatings on stainless steels for high-temperature oxidation protection: Mechanisms. Corrosion Science, 2014, vol. 82, pp. 316–327.

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-8-50-58

УДК 678.026

Kuznetsova V.A., Zheleznyak V.G., Lonskii S.L., Kovrizhkina N.A., Silaeva A.A.

INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURE OF POLYMERIC MATRIX ON STRUCTURE AND PROPERTY PRIMING COVERINGS

Adhesion, physicomechanical properties, and also kinetics of water absorption of priming coatings on basis the E-41 epoxy resin modified by liquid Thiokol 1 and by Laproxide AF, and also their phase structure are investigated. As hardeners of primer compositions organic silicon ammine ASOT-2 and low-molecular polyamide PO-200 has been used. It is shown that use of the reactive modifier Laproxide AF and hardener ASOT-2 in the epoxy and thiokol film-formers allows to receive priming coating with uniform finely divided phase structure with low porosity and high water resistance.

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Reference list

1. Kablov E.N. Aviation materials science: results and prospects. Izvestiya Rossijskoy akademii nauk, 2002, vol. 72, no. 1, pp.3–12.
2. Kablov E.N. The role of chemistry in the creation of new generation materials for complex technical systems. Reports of the XX Mendeleev Congress on General and Applied Chemistry. Ekaterinburg: Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2016, pp.25–26.
3. Zhitomirskiy G.I. Aircraft design. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1991, 400 p.
4. Lutsenko A.N., Slavin A.V., Erasov V.S., Khvackij K.K. Strength tests and researches of aviation materials. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 527–546. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-527-546.
5. Kablov E.N., Startsev O.V., Medvedev I.M. Review of international experience on corrosion and corrosion protection. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 2 (35), pp. 76–87. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-2-76-87.
6. Kozlova A.A., Kuznetsova V.A., Kozlov I.A., Naprienko S.A., Silaeva A.A. The effect of prolonged heating on the properties of protective coatings for aluminum alloy system Al–Si–Mg. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2019, no. 2 (55), pp. 74–80. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2019-0-2-74-80.
7. Fomina M.A., Karimova S.A. Analysis of the corrosion state of materials of the airframe of aircraft of the "Su" type after long-term operation. Corrosion: materials, protection. 2014, no. 9, pp.20–24.
8. Pavlyuk B.Ph. The main directions in the field of development of polymeric functional materials. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 388–392. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-388-392.
9. Zheleznyak V.G. Modern paint and varnish materials for use in aviation equipment products. Trudy VIAM, 2019, no. 5 (77), paper no. 07. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru. (accessed: January 18, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2019-0-5-62-67.
10. Kondrashov E.K., Kuznetsova V.A., Semenova L.V., Lebedeva T.A., Malova N.Ye. Development of aviation paints and varnishes. Vse materialy. Entsyklopedicheskiy spravochnik, 2012, no. 5, pp. 49–54.
11. Kuznecova V.A., Kuznecov G.V. Development trends in the field of fuel resistant paintwork coatings for protection of integral fuel tanks of aircrafts (review). Trudy VIAM, 2014, no. 11, paper no. 08. Available at: http://www.viam works.ru (accessed: January 25, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2014-0-11-8-8.
12. Drinberg A.S., Itsko E.F., Kalinskaya T.V. Anti-corrosion primers. Saint Petersburg, 2006, 168 p.
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14. Kurbatov V.G., Ilyin A.A., Indeikin E.A. Anticorrosive pigments and fillers with a polyaniline sheath. Lakokrasochnye materialy i ikh primenenie, 2012, no. 11, pp. 49–52.
15. Kurbatov V.G., Kochkina N.V., Indeikin E.A. The use of shell pigments in the composition of polymeric anticorrosive materials. Uspekhi v khimii i khimicheskoy tekhnologii, 2014, vol. XXVIII, no. 3, pp. 92–96.
16. Problems of protective coatings (review). Lakokrasochnye materialy i ikh primenenie, 2013, no. 9, pp. 33–35.
17. Rosenfeld I.L., Rutinstein F.I., Zhigalova K.A. Protection of metals from corrosion by paint and varnish coatings. Moscow: Khimiya, 1987. 224 p.
18. Sosnina S.A., Kuleshova I.D. Regulation of the interaction of components in filled paint and varnish compositions. Lakokrasochnye materialy i ikh primenenie, 2011, no. 1, pp. 60–62.
19. Korobschikova T.S., Orlova N.A. Modeling of mechanical properties of paint and varnish material filled with wollastonite. Lakokrasochnye materialy i ikh primenenie, 2011, no. 1–2, pp. 62–64.
20. Semenova L.V., Nefedov N.I. Application of modified epoxy primers in the painting systems. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2014, no. 3, pp. 38–44. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2014-0-3-38-44.
21. Chalykh A.E., Kochnova Z.A., Lark E.S. Compatibility and diffusion in epoxy oligomer – liquid carboxylate rubbers systems. Vysoko molekulyarnye soedineniya, series A, 2001, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 2147–2155.
22. Chalykh A.E. Diffusion in polymer systems. Moscow: Chemistry, 1987, pp.252–266.
23. Kablov V.F. System technology of rubber-oligomeric compositions. Collection of articles X Intern. conf. on chemistry and physical chemistry of polymers. Volgograd: Volgograd State Tech. University, 2009, pp. 162–191.
24. Lipatov Yu.S. Interfacial phenomena in polymers. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1980. 260 p.
25. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-8-59-66

УДК 629.7.023.222

Merkulova Yu.I., Serdcelyubova A.S., Zheleznyak V.G.

LACQUER COATING SYSTEM BASED ON COLD DRY POLYURETHANE ENAMEL FOR PROTECTING NOSE SPINNERS OF PLANES

Recently in the aviation industry there has been an increasing demand for the development of functional paints and varnishes, in particular, for the production of coatings intended to protect aviation equipment from abrasion and erosion damaged. Coatings of this type are especially relevant for polymer products. This work is devoted to the development of a new polyurethane enamel for the protection of antenna radomes. The comparative data of fluoroplastic, polyurethane imported enamel, enamels based on chlorosulfonated polyethylene and fluorinated rubber, intended for protection of abrasive damage.

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Reference list

1. Grashchenkov D.V. Strategy of development of non-metallic materials, metal composite materials and heat-shielding. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 264–271. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-264-271.
2. Zhelezina G.F., Solovyeva N.A., Makrushin K.V., Rysin L.S. Polymer composite materials for manufacturing engine air particle separation of advanced helicopter engine. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2018, no. 1 (50), pp. 58–63. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2018-0-1-58-63.
3. Gunyayeva A.G., Sidorina A.I., Kurnosov A.O., Klimenko O.N. Polymeric composite materials of new generation on the basis of binder VSE-1212 and the filling agents alternative to ones of Porcher Ind. and Toho Tenax. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2018, no. 3 (52), pp. 18–26. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2018-0-3-18-26.
4. Nefedov N.I., Semenova L.V., Kuznecova V.A., Vereninova N.P. Paint coatings for protection of metallic and polymer composite materials against aging, corrosion and biodeterioration. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 393–404. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-393-404.
5. Kablov E.N. Materials for aerospace technology. Vse materialy. Entsiklopedicheskiy spravochnik, 2007, no. 5, pp. 7–27.
6. Kablov E.N. The main directions of development of materials for aerospace technology of the XXI century. Perspektivnye materialy, 2000, no. 3, pp. 27–36.
7. Zheleznyak V.G. Modern paint and varnish materials for use in aviation equipment products. Trudy VIAM, 2019, no. 5 (77), paper no. 07. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru. (accessed: July 7, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2019-0-5-62-67.
8. Kondrashov E.K., Vladimirsky V.N., Beider E.Ya. Erosion-resistant paints and varnishes. Moscow: Chemistry, 1989, 136 p.
9. Kuznetsova V.A., Vladimirsky V.N., Kondrashov E.K. Prediction of erosion resistance of paint and varnish coatings taking into account dynamic parameters. Paints and varnishes and coatings. Aviation materials and technologies. Moscow: VIAM, 2003, pp. 50–53.
10. Kondrashov E.K., Kuznetsova V.A., Semenova L.V., Lebedeva T.A. The main directions of improving the operational, technological and environmental characteristics of paint and varnish coatings for aviation technology. Rossiyskiy khimicheskiy zhurnal, 2010, vol. LIV, no. 1, pp. 96–102.
11. Kondrashov E.K., Naidenov N.D. Erosion resistant paint coverings of aviation purpose. Part 1. Erosion resistant paint coatings based on epoxy and polyurethane films forming (review). Trudy VIAM, 2020, no. 2 (86), paper no. 09. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 20, 2020). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-2-81-90. (accessed: July 7, 2021).
12. Kondrashov E.K. Paints and varnishes and coatings based on them in mechanical engineering. Moscow: Paint-Media, 2021, 256 p.
13. Pavlov A.V., Merkulova Yu.I., Zelenskaya A.D., Zheleznyak V.G. Wear resistance of paint and varnish coatings (literature review). Lakokrasochnye materialy i ikh primenenie, 2018, no. 1–2, pp. 40–43.
14. Yakovlev A.D. Chemistry and technology of paints and varnishes: textbook for universities. Leningrad: Chemistry, 1989, 84 p.
15. Zubarev P.A. Protective wear-resistant coatings based on modified polyurethanes: thesis, Cand. Sc. (Tech.). Penza: PGUAS, 2014, 156 p.
16. Zubarev P.A., Lakhno A.V. Wear-resistant polyurethane coatings. Molodoy ucheny, 2014, no. 20, pp. 143–146.
17. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.
18. Semenova L.V., Kondrashov E.K. Modified bromine epoxy Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2010, no. 1, pp. 29–32.

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-8-67-74

УДК 620.193.2

Kashin D.S., Ivanov I.M., Doronin O.N.

RESEARCH OF EROSION RESISTANCE OF SOLDERED JOINTS WITH PROTECTIVE COATINGS

Presents results of studies of the erosion resistance of soldered joints with various types of coatings. It was established that a coating based on tungsten carbide, applied by the electrospark method, has the greatest positive influence on the erosion resistance of VPr4 solder. At the same time, preliminary machining of the solder surface also increases resistance to the effects of erosion flow. The possibility of using an electrospark coating as an erosion-resistant sublayer for composite protective coatings was shown.

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Reference list

1. Kablov E.N., Petrova A.P. History of Aviation Materials Science. VIAM – 75 years of search, creativity, discoveries. Moscow: Nauka, 2007, 343 p.
2. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.
3. Kablov E.N., Echin A.B., Bondarenko Yu.A. History of development of directional crys-tallization technology and equipment for casting blades of gas turbine engines. Trudy VIAM, 2020, no. 3 (87), paper no. 01. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 2, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-3-3-12.
4. Kablov E.N., Muboyadzhyan S.A., Budinovskiy S.A., Pomelov Ya.A. Ion-plasma protective coatings for blades of gas turbine engines. Konversiya v mashinostroyenii, 1999, no. 2, pp. 42–47.
5. Kablov E.N., Startsev O.V., Medvedev I.M. Review of international experience on corrosion and corrosion protection. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 2 (35), pp. 76–87. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-2-76-87.
6. Karpinos B.S., Korovin A.V., Lobunko A.P., Vedishcheva M.Yu. Operational damage of turbojet engines with afterburner combustion chamber. Vestnik dvigatelestroyeniya, 2014, no. 1, pp. 18–24.
7. Kablov E.N., Muboyadzhyan S.A. Erosion-resistant coatings for compressor blades of gas turbine engines. Elektrometallurgiya, 2016, no. 10, pp. 23–38.
8. Muboyadzhyan S.A., Lutsenko A.N., Alexandrov D.A., Gorlov D.S., Zhuravleva P.L. Investigation of the properties of nanolayer erosion-resistant coatings based on metal carbides and nitrides. Metally, 2011, no. 4, pp. 3–20.
9. Muboyadzhyan S.A., Alexandrov D.A., Gorlov D.S. Ion-plasma nanolayer erosion-resistant coatings based on metal carbides and nitrides. Metally, 2010, no. 5, pp. 3–20.
10. Vinogradov A.S. The design of the TRDDF RD-33. Samara: Korolev Samara State Aerospace University, 2013, 99 p.
11. Zrelov V.A. Domestic gas turbine engines. Basic parameters and design schemes (Part 2): textbook. allowance. Samara: Samara State Aerospace University, 2002, 250 p.
12. Kashin D.S., Dergacheva P.E., Stekhov P.A. Heat resistant slurry coatings (review). Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 5 (65), paper no. 08. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 3, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-5-64-75.
13. Vinogradov S.S., Nikiforov A.A., Demin S.A., Chesnokov D.V. Protection against corrosion of carbon steel. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 242–263. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-242-263.
14. Vinogradov S.S., Nikiforov A.A., Demin S.A. Ways of solving the problem of replacing the cadmium coating. Galvanotekhnika i obrabotka poverkhnosti, 2018, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 13–25.
15. Malikov A.A., Markova E.V., Chechuga O.V. Application of electric discharge methods of surface hardening for tool life durability. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2018, no. 4 (53), pp. 19-25. DOI: 10.18577 / 2071-9140-2018-0-4-19-25.
16. Aleksandrov D.A., Muboyadzhyan S.A., Zhuravleva P.L., Gorlov D.S. Investigation of the effect of surface preparation and ion-assisted deposition on the structure and properties of erosion-resistant ion-plasma coating. Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 10 (70), paper no. 08. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 27, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-10-62-73.

dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-8-75-83

УДК 539.26

Kuzmina N.A., Lifshitz V.A., Potrakhov E.N., Potrakhov N.N.

SPECIFICITY OF APPLICATION OF X-RAY METHODS OF «SWING» AND LAUE IN DETERMINING THE QUALITY OF THE STRUCTURE OF CASTINGS OF NICKEL HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOYS

Systematically analyzes and justifies the characteristics of equipment operating in monochromatic radiation by the «swing» method and in polychromatic radiation by the Laue method in relation to the specifics of controlled samples in the technology of single-crystal casting from nickel heat-resistant alloys. The main application of the «swing» method is the mass control of seed blanks, seedings, growth cones of samples and blades. The main application of the Laue method is local measurements of block misorientation in the casting of the turbine blade, determination of the crystallographic orientation misorientation in controlled areas on the blade. An optimized configuration is proposed for a compact modification of a diffractometer operating in monochromatic radiation for mass control of the structure in production.

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Reference list

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6. Nazarkin R.M. X-ray diffraction techniques for precise determination of lattice constants in Ni-based superalloys: a brief review. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 41–48. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-41-48.
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14. Kuzmina N.A., Lifshits V.A., Potrakhov E.N., Potrakhov N.N. Comparative structure control of single-crystal castings of nickel superalloys x-ray diffraction methods of oscillation and Laue. Trudy VIAM, 2019, no. 9 (81), paper no. 02. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: March 12, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2019-0-9-15-25.
15. Petrushin N.V., Ospennikova O.G., Svetlov I.L. Single-crystal Ni-based superalloys for turbine blades of advanced gas turbine engines. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 72−103. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-72-103.
16. Kablov E.N., Sidorov V.V., Kablov D.E., Min P.G. The metallurgical fundamentals for high quality maintenance of single crystal heat-resistant nickel alloys. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 55–71. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-55-71.
17. Toloraya V.N., Kablov E.N., Demonis I.M. Technology of obtaining single-crystal casts of GTE blades of a given crystallographic orientation from rhenium-containing heat-resistant alloys. The effect of S.T. Kishkina. Moscow: Nauka, 2006, pp. 206–219.
18. Kablov E.N., Bondarenko Yu.A., Kablov D.E. Features of structure and heat resisting properties of monocrystals of <001> high-rhenium nickel hot strength alloys received in the conditions of high-gradient directed crystallization. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2011, no. 4, pp. 25–31.
19. Kablov E.N., Bondarenko Yu.A., Echin A.B. Investigation of the influence of variable controlled temperature gradient on structural features, phase composition, properties of high-temperature heat-resistant alloys during their directional crystallization. Vestnik MGTU im. N.E. Bauman, ser.: Mechanical engineering, 2016, no. 6 (111), pp. 43–61.
20. Toloraya V.N., Kablov E.N., Svetlov I.L., Orekhov N.G., Golubovsky E.R. Anisotropy of strength characteristics of single crystals of heat-resistant nickel alloys. Gorny informatsionno-analiticheskiy byulleten, 2005, special issue, pp. 225–236.
21. Toloraya V.N., Kablov E.N., Orekhov N.G., Ostroukhova G.A. Structure and growth defects of single crystals of heat-resistant nickel alloys. Gorny informatsionno-analiticheskiy byulleten, 2005, special issue, pp. 190–202.
22. Sidokhin E.F., Sidokhin F.A., Khayutin S.G. On the substructure of monocrystalline GTE blades. Aviatsionnaya promyshlennost, 2009, no. 1, pp. 34–36.
23. Macro- and microstructure of nickel heat-resistant alloys intended for monocrystalline casting of blades. Available at: https://studme.org/151298/tehnika/makro_mikrostruktura_nikelevyh_zharoprochnyh_splavov_prednaznachennyh_monokristalnogo_litya_lopatok (accessed: October 14, 2020).
24. Petrushin N.V., Visik E.M., Elyutin E.S. Improvement of the chemical composition and structure of castable nickel-base superalloy with low density. Part 2. Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 4 (98), paper no. 01. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 12, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-4-3-15.
25. Oses R.Kh., Lifshits V.A., Potrakhov E.N., Potrakhov N.N. Program for decoding inverse laue patterns of fcc single crystals to determine the crystallographic orientation of samples (CGO analysis): Certificate of State Registration Computer Program no. 2011614448 (dated: June 6, 2011).

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dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-8-84-91

УДК 543.42

Karachevtsev F.N., Letov A.F., Slavin A.V.

UNCERTAINTY OF THE MEASUREMENTS RESULTS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ITS METHODS ASSESSMENT

An explanation of the difference between the uncertainty and the error of the measurement results, which is in the approach to their assessment, is given. The standard and expanded uncertainty are estimated taking into account the uncertainty at each operation to transfer the size of a physical quantity from a standard (standard sample) to a measuring instrument and during measurements. The error is estimated based on the variance of the final measurement. Methods for evaluating the uncertainty of measurement results are given depending on regulatory documents, metrological characteristics, measurement methods, such as indicators and limits of repeatability and reproducibility.

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Reference list

1. Dvorkin V.I., Boldyrev I.V. The concept of uncertainty and its use in laboratory practice. Factory laboratory. Zavodskaya laboratoriya. Diagnostika materialov, 2006, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 55–61.
2. Kuznetsov V.P. Comparative analysis of measurement error and uncertainty. Izmeritelnaya tekhnika, 2003, no. 8, pp. 21–27.
3. State Standard R ISO 5725-1–2002. Accuracy (correctness and precision) of measurement methods and results. Basic provisions and definitions. Moscow: Publishing house of standards, 2002, 32 p.
4. State Standard ISO/IEC 17025–2019. Interstate standard. General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. Moscow: Standartinform, 2019. 26 p.
5. Recommendations for Interstate Standardization 43-2001. Application of the "Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement". Moscow: Publishing house of standards, 2003. 24 p.
6. Metrology guidelines 50.2.038–2004. Direct single measurements. Estimation of errors and uncertainty of the measurement result. Moscow: Standartinform, 2005, 7 p.
7. Kablov E.N., Chabina E.B., Morozov G.A., Muravskaya N.P. Conformity assessment of new materials using high-level CRM and MI. Kompetentnost, 2017, no. 2, pp. 40–46.
8. Lutsenko A.N., Perov N.S., Chabina E.B. The new stages of development of Testing Center. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 460–468. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-460-468.
9. Karpov Yu.A., Baranovskaya V.B. Analytical control is an integral part of materials diagnostics. Zavodskaya laboratoriya. Diagnostika materialov, 2017, vol. 83, no. 1-I, pp. 5–12.
10. Bazyleva O.A., Ospennikova O.G., Arginbaeva E.G., Letnikova E.Yu., Shestakov A.V. Development trends of nickel-based intermetallic alloys. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 104–115. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-104-115.
11. Kablov E.N., Sidorov V.V., Kablov D.E., Min P.G. The metallurgical fundamentals for high quality maintenance of single crystal heat-resistant nickel alloys. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 55–71. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-55-71.
12. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.
13. State Standard 8.563–2009. Measurement techniques (methods). Moscow: Publishing house of standards, 2009, 32 p.
14. Dvoretskov R.M., Baranovskaya V.B., Karachevtsev F.N., Letov A.F. Determination of rare earth metals in magnesium alloys by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Izmeritelnaya tekhnika, 2019, no. 4, pp. 62–66.
15. Dvoretskov R.M., Petrov PS, Orlov G.V., Karachevtsev F.N., Letov A.F. Standard samples of new grades of heat-resistant nickel alloys and their application for spectral analysis. Zavodskaya laboratoriya. Diagnostika materialov, 2018, vol. 84, no. 11, pp. 15–22.
16. Alekseev A.V., Yakimovich P.V., Kvachenok I.K. Determination of impurities in nickel by ICP-MS. Trudy VIAM, 2020, no. 2 (86), paper no. 11. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 21, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-2-101-108.
17. State Standard 7728–79. Magnesium alloys. Spectral analysis methods. Moscow: Publishing house of standards, 1998, 12 p.

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dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-8-92-103

УДК 620.179.16

Boychuk A.S., Dikov I.A., Generalov A.S., Slavin A.V.

FRP STRUCTURES RADIUS ZONES ULTRASONIC TESTING (review)

The review of FRP structures radius zones ultrasonic non-destructive testing techniques is given in the paper. It is shown that both single-element piezoelectric transducers and phased arrays can currently be used to solve this problem. It is necessary to use special tools for positioning and creating an acoustic contact with both types of transducers. Ultrasonic testing using the described tools allows detecting defects in radius zones up to 6 mm in size.

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Reference list

1. Kablov E.N. What to make the future of? New generation materials, technologies for their creation and processing - the basis of innovations. Krylya Rodiny, 2016, no. 5, pp. 8–18.
2. Kablov E.N. New generation materials – the basis of innovation, technological leadership and national security of Russia. Intellekt i tekhnologii, 2016, no. 2 (14), pp. 16–21.
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4. Zhelezina G.F., Solovyeva N.A., Makrushin K.V., Rysin L.S. Polymer composite materials for manufacturing engine air particle separation of advanced helicopter engine. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2018, no. 1 (50), pp. 58–63. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2018-0-1-58-63.
5. Raskutin A.E. Russian polymer composite materials of new generation, their exploitation and implementation in advanced developed constructions. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 349–367. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-349-367.
6. Timoshkov P.N. Equipment and materials for the technology of automated calculations prepregs. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2016, no. 2, pp. 35–39. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2016-0-2-35-39.
7. Ivanov N.V., Gurevich Ya.M., Khaskov M.A., Akmeev A.R. Mode studying curing binding VSE-34 and its influences on mechanical properties. Aviacionnyye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. 2, pp. 50–55. DOI: 10.18577 / 2071-9140-2017-0-2-50-55.
8. Kablov E.N. The strategic directions of development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period to 2030. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2012, no. S, pp. 7–17.
9. González S., Herrera Á., Fernández R. etc. Ad-hoc solutions for ultrasonic inspection of radii in closed composite Structures. 11th International Symposium «NDT in Aerospace». Paris, 2019. Available at: https://https://www.ndt.net/article/aero2019/papers/fp_fri2b3_s_gonzalez.pdf (accessed: May 6, 2021).
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12. Rau E., Grauvogl E., Manzke H. etc. Ultrasonic Phased Array Testing of Complex Aircraft Structures. ECNDT. 2006. Tu. 1.1.2. Available at: https://www.ndt.net/article/ecndt2006/doc/Tu.1.1.2.pdf (accessed: May 7, 2021).
13. Boychuk A.S., Generalov A.S., Dalin M.A., Stepanov A.V. Non-destructive testing of technological violations of the continuity of the T-shaped zone of an integral structure made of PCM using ultrasonic phased arrays. Vse materialy. Entsiklopedicheskiy spravochnik, 2012, no. 10, pp. 38–44.
14. Boychuk A.S. Development of technologies for non-destructive testing of monolithic structures made of carbon fiber using ultrasonic antenna arrays: thesis, Cand. Sc. (Tech.). Moscow, 2016, 203 p.
15. Lamarre A. Ultrasonic phased-array and eddy current array as approved methods for aircraft maintenance. Aerospace Testing Conference. Hamburg, 2006. Available at: https://https://ndt.aero/images/docs/UTPAfor%20maintenance.pdf (accessed: May 7, 2021).
16. Boychuk A.S., Generalov A.S., Dalin M.A., Dikov I.A. Inspection of monolithic parts and structures of aviation equipment made of PCM by ultrasonic non-destructive testing using phased arrays. TestMat. The main trends, directions and prospects for the development of non-destructive testing methods in the aerospace industry: collection of articles. materials of the X All-Russia. conf. (Moscow, February 9, 2018). Moscow: VIAM, 2018, pp. 18–31. Available at: https://https://conf.viam.ru/sites/default/files/uploads/proceedings/1063.pdf (accessed: May 7, 2021).
17. Flexible Phassed Array Scanning Tool. Phoenix ISL. 2021. Available at: https://www.phoenixisl.com/ product/wrapit (accessed: May 7, 2021).
18. Flexible Ultrasonic Phased-Array Probe for Complex Shape Inspection. Olympus Corporation. 2021. Available at: https://www.olympus-ims.com/en/applications/flexible-ultrasonic-phased-array-probe-for-complex-shape-inspection (accessed: May 7, 2021).

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dx.doi.org/ 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-8-104-112

УДК 539.24:620.1

Startsev V.O., Nikolaev E.V., Vardanyan A.M., Nechaev A.A.

THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON RESIDUAL STRESSES IN NANOMODIFIED CYANATE ESTER-BASED CFRP

The residual stresses in carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), based on VTkU-2.200 carbon fiber and VSC-14 cyanate ester resin, modified by nanoscale additives (astralen) were studied. Natural exposure was performed in a moderately cold climate. The influence of nanoadditives on mechanical and physical CFRP’s properties after 9 months of climatic testing was studied using the following properties: three-point bending strength, compression strength, coefficient of linear thermal expansion, glass transition temperature and residual stresses parameters. The increase of residual stresses after climatic testing was revealed.

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Reference list

1. Kablov E.N., Kondrashov S.V., Yurkov G.Yu. Prospects for the use of carbon-containing nanoparticles in binders for polymer composite materials. Rossiyskiye nanotekhnologii, 2012, no. 3-4. S. 20–42.
2. Kablov E.N., Chursova L.V., Babin A.N., Mukhametov R.R., Panina N.N. Development of FSUE "VIAM" in the field of melt binders for polymer composite materials. Polimernye materialy i tekhnologii, 2016, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 37–42.
3. Kablov E.N., Startsev V.O., Inozemtsev A.A. The moisture absorption of structurally similar samples from polymer composite materials in open climatic conditions with application of thermal spikes. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. 2 (47), pp. 56–68. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-2-56-68.
4. Startsev V.O., Golushko S.K., Valevin E.O., Gunyaeva A.G., Amelina E.V. Influence of a nanomodifier on the climatic resistance of carbon fiber reinforced plastic based on a cyanoester binder. Materials conf. "Climate 2020: modern approaches to assessing the impact of external factors on materials and complex technical systems". Moscow: VIAM, 2020, pp. 134–149. Available at: https://conf.viam.ru/conf/338/proceedings (accessed: July 18, 2021).
5. Hahn H.T. Residual Stresses in Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates. Journal of Composite Materials, 1976, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 266–278.
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15. Kablov E.N., Startsev O.V., Krotov A.S., Kirillov V.N. Climatic aging of composite materials: 1. Aging mechanisms. Russian Metallurgy (Metally), 2011, no. 10, pp. 993–1000.
16. Kablov E.N., Startsev V.O. Climatic aging of polymer composite materials for aviation purposes. 1. Assessment of the influence of significant influencing factors. Deformatsiya i razrushenie materialov, 2019, no. 12, pp. 7–16.
17. Kablov E.N., Startsev V.O. Climatic aging of polymer composite materials for aviation purposes. 2. Development of research methods for the early stages of aging. Deformatsiya i razrushenie materialov, 2020, no. 1, pp. 15–21.
18. Raskutin A.E. Development strategy of polymer composite materials. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 344–348. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-344-348.
19. Raskutin A.E. Russian polymer composite materials of new generation, their exploitation and implementation in advanced developed constructions. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 349–367. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-349-367.
20. Gunyayeva A.G., Sidorina A.I., Kurnosov A.O., Klimenko O.N. Polymeric composite materials of new generation on the basis of binder VSE-1212 and the filling agents alternative to ones of Porcher Ind. and Toho Tenax. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2018, no. 3 (52), pp. 18–26. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2018-0-3-18-26.

13.

AUTHORS INFORMATION

Authors named	Position, academic degree
FSUE «All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials» SSC of RF; e-mail:Этот адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
Denis А. Aleksandrov	Leading Engineer
Alexander S. Boychuk	Senior Researcher, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Sergey A. Budinovsky	Acting Head of Sector, Doctor of Sciences (Tech.)
Arutyun M. Vardanyan	Second Category Technician
Olga V. Vlasova	Engineer
Alexander S. Generalov	Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Dmitry S. Gorlov	Leading Engineer
Valentina S. Denisova	Head оf Sector, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Ivan A. Dikov	Leading Engineer
Nikita S. Dmitriev	Engineer
Oltg N. Doronin	Deputy Head of Laboratory
Vyacheslav G. Zheleznyak	Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Denis V. Zaitsev	Leading Engineer
Alexander V. Zakalshnyy	Engineer
Ivan M. Ivanov	Technician
Fedor N. Karachevtsev	Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Sciences (Chem.)
Mukhamed M. Karashaev	Leading Engineer, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Dmitry S. Kashin	Head of Sector
Natalia A. Kovrizhkina	Engineer
Vera A. Kuznetsova	Head of Sector, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Natalya A. Kuzmina	Senior Researcher, Candidate of Sciences (Geol. & Mineral.)
Alexander F. Letov	Deputy Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Sciences (Chem.)
Stanislav L. Lonskii	Second Category Engineer
Pavel N. Medvedev	Head of Sector, Candidate of Sciences (Phys. & Math.)
Yulia I. Merkulova	Deputy Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Sergey A. Naprienko	Head of Sector, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Alexander A. Nechaev	Second Category Technician
Evgeny V. Nikolaev	Deputy Head of Testing Center, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Olga G. Ospennikova	Deputy Director General, Doctor of Sciences (Tech.)
Aleksey M. Rogalev	Head of Sector
Alevtina S. Serdcelyubova	Leading Engineer, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Andrey V. Slavin	Head of Testing Center, Doctor of Sciences (Tech.)
Stanislav S. Solntsev	Counselor to Director General, Doctor of Sciences (Tech.)
Valery O. Startsev	Head of Laboratory, Doctor of Sciences (Tech.)
Alexander V. Shestakov	Leading Engineer
Alexey M. Shestakov	Leading Researcher, Candidate of Sciences (Chem.)
FSAEI HE «Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University «LETI» named after V.I. Ulyanov (Lenin)»; e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
Nikolay N. Potrakhov	Head of a Chair, Doctor of Sciences (Tech.)
JSC «Electronic Technique-Medicine»; е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
Viktor A. Lifshitz	Engineer
Evgeny N. Potrakhov	Director General, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia; e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
Anna A. Silaeva	Assistant, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)

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